Respiratory illnesses, such as colds or the flu, can significantly affect vocal capabilities. However, whether singing under these conditions is safe largely depends on the specific symptoms and the condition of the vocal cords.
Additionally, the emergence of Covid-19 has introduced new concerns for vocal health. The human voice operates through a complex interplay of muscles and tissues, especially the vocal cords located in the larynx. When compromised by illness, these mechanisms can struggle, making singing potentially risky for vocal health.
Mild illnesses like a nasal cold or upper throat infections typically do not severely impact the ability to sing. According to Declan Costello, a consultant laryngologist, blocked sinuses or sore throats might make singing feel different but usually don't harm the voice or significantly affect the audience's experience. Nonetheless, it’s advisable for non-professionals to avoid group rehearsals to prevent spreading the illness to others.
When the voice box itself becomes inflamed—a condition known as laryngitis—more caution is required. Laryngitis causes swelling in the vocal cords, often resulting in hoarseness and vocal fatigue. Using the voice excessively during this time can lead to long-term damage or complications.
Recognizing signs of vocal strain is crucial. Indicators such as significant vocal fatigue, difficulty controlling pitch, and hoarseness suggest potential laryngitis. Unlike other muscles, vocal cords lack pain receptors, making pain a late indicator of damage. Swollen or inflamed cords may lead to persistent issues if forced into use during illness.
Professional singers are particularly vulnerable to long-term consequences from pushing through illness. Overcompensation to reach certain pitches may strain the vocal apparatus, potentially altering vocal technique and causing lasting damage. Comparatively, this is similar to developing an irregular gait after an untreated ankle sprain.
Experts generally recommend resting the voice during significant illness. Rest allows the vocal cords to heal and minimizes the risk of exacerbating inflammation. If singing feels excessively strenuous or requires extraordinary effort, it’s better to avoid it temporarily. Techniques such as changing the song’s key or using amplification may help mitigate strain if singing is unavoidable.
Additional measures to promote recovery include staying hydrated, avoiding throat-drying decongestants, and minimizing coughing or throat clearing, as these actions can worsen inflammation. For more severe cases, such as vocal cord hemorrhaging or polyp development, medical intervention, including surgery, might be required. British singer Adele famously underwent vocal surgery after a benign polyp caused bleeding on her vocal cords.
Unlike temporary conditions caused by illness, nodules—callous-like thickenings on the vocal cords—are typically the result of prolonged overuse or misuse. These nodules require adjustments in vocal technique rather than surgical intervention. Loud and forceful use of the voice often contributes to their development.
The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges for vocalists. Symptoms like persistent coughing and shortness of breath can compromise a singer’s breathing and vocal control. Additionally, fatigue and malaise associated with long Covid can sap the energy required for optimal vocal performance. Although the long-term impact of Covid-19 on vocal abilities remains uncertain, these challenges highlight the need for cautious vocal care during and after illness.
Even when rest is necessary, singers can maintain their vocal health by performing light vocal exercises during recovery. Gradually reintroducing vocal activity can help rebuild strength without causing additional strain. Complete vocal rest is rarely advocated unless specifically recommended by a healthcare professional.
Illness doesn't mean music must be entirely absent from life. With careful management and attention to the needs of the vocal cords, singing can remain a fulfilling and safe activity, even during times of illness.
